Chilcotin, meaning "people of the red ochre river", refers to the Tsilhqot'in people, an Athabaskan First Nations people of British Columbia, Canada.

The Tsilhqot'in were part of an extensive trade network, trading salmon from the coast of British Columbia to Cree people territories to the East. When they encountered European presence, they, like many other First Nations peoples, contracted many different fatal diseases.

Present day Chilcotin reside in several communities: including, Tl'esqox (Toosey), Yunesit'in (Stone), Tl’etinqox (Anaham), Tsi Del Del (Redstone), Xeni Gwet'in (Nemiah Valley), Esdilagh (Alexandria), and Ulkatcho at Anahim Lake (mixed Tsilhqot’in-Dakelh community). There are also two other notable Non-Reserve communities in the region: Alexis Creek and Anahim Lake. Despite its small population and isolation, the region has produced an impressive collection of literature mixing naturalism with native and settler cultures.