The Breslov Jews are an ethno-religious people groups originating in Ukraine. The Breslov movement was founded by Rabbi Nachman of Breslov (1772-1810), who was the greatgrandson of the Baal Shem Tov, the founder of Hasidism.

The name "Breslov" comes from the town of Breslov, also located in the Ukraine, where Nachman spent most of the last eight years of his life. Some people also see the name as a play on words in Ashkenazic Hebrew: "Bris lev" means "covenant (or circumcision) of the heart." The Breslov approach places great stress on serving G­d with joy and living life as intensely as possible. "It's a great mitzvah always to be happy," Nachman taught.

Unlike other Hasidic groups, whose communal activities center around a living Rebbe and shared institutions, the Hasidism of Breslov affirm their identity through study and practice of their Rebbe’s teachings.

Breslov Jews were, and are, "religious" about visiting Rebbe Nachman’s grave in the Ukrainian town of Uman, especially on Rosh Hashana; the Rebbe himself declared that those who pray at his burial site would merit great blessings. Unlike other Hasidic groups, there is also no dress code that marks membership. Although they value community, the importance of a personal approach to God is also stressed. The notion of private prayer and meditation is also a key practice in Breslov Hasidism. Breslover Hasidim today do not have a "Rebbe in the flesh," and each Hasid is free to go to any guide or teacher with whom they feel comfortable. No single person or council of elders is "in charge" of the Breslov movement, and no membership list is kept.